Engineers tested a cognitive spectrum-switching system for unmanned aircraft that detects incumbent transmitters and autonomously hands off frequencies while keeping ground and air links synchronized. At −10 dB with imposed signal loss, the system achieved 84% detection-and-recovery probability using a K=768 FFT detector, though performance degraded sharply under occupied-spectrum conditions.
Mohammad Alja’afreh, Adel Ismail, Omar Hourani, et al. — Princess Sumaya University for Technology (JO)
Researchers developed a dynamic paging method that predicts high-mobility user positions across LEO satellite beams without requiring continuous location updates. The approach reduces signaling overhead while maintaining coverage for UAVs and aircraft traversing multiple beams rapidly, addressing a key challenge in managing aerial users on next-generation satellite networks.
An Chang, Xiaojin Ding, Gengxin Zhang — Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (CN)
Controlled testing of a 2.4 GHz UAV control and data link showed that increasing electromagnetic interference power causes a predictable cascade: image blurring and shaking first, then freezing and buffering, culminating in complete video feed loss. Engineers designing or operating UAV systems on 2.4 GHz need interference margin budgets to prevent mission-critical video failure.
N. Norhashim, Shazril Arfaan Suziandi, N. L. Mohd Kamal, et al. — University of Kuala Lumpur (MY)
A critical review of 76 publications finds transfer learning most effective for reducing labeled-data requirements in spectrum-condition forecasting for unmanned systems. Engineers designing adaptive UAV sensing schedules and channel-access algorithms can reduce target-domain training data by leveraging related source bands, sensing stations, or radio environments.
Xu Rong, Changqing Li, Qi Su, et al. — Space Engineering University (CN)
Researchers propose an agentic AI architecture combining SRv6 with autonomous orchestration to enable microsecond-level determinism in low-altitude drone operations. The system translates high-level dispatching requirements into routing policies, addressing scalability gaps in existing time-sensitive and deterministic networking standards for air-ground links.
Yu Huang, Feifei Hu, Huang Chen, et al. — China Southern Power Grid (China) (CN)
UAVs equipped with cognitive electronic warfare systems can maintain continuous control tasks—search, detection, tracking—despite dynamic jamming and spoofing attacks. The study shows adaptive AI architectures overcome limitations of rule-based algorithms, allowing resource-constrained platforms to preserve flight stability and operational continuity under cyber-physical threats in contested environments.
Onur Battal, Mert Karahan — Milli Savunma Üniversitesi (TR)
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
A mobility-aware system predicts when a UAV will transition between cellular towers and initiates handover before signal loss occurs. The approach uses position, speed, direction and signal metrics to maintain command-and-control continuity during tactical operations across geographically distributed coverage regions.
A new framework combines diffusion-based synthesis with semantic guidance to generate visible-spectrum images from infrared data when paired training samples are scarce. The approach addresses a bottleneck in cross-spectral sensing for autonomous UAV navigation and object detection by improving semantic consistency and generalization in small-sample scenarios.
L. Y. Tian, Q. Shen, Y. Cao, et al. — Beijing Institute of Technology (CN)
A survey of 140+ recent papers shows deep learning, convolutional networks, and reinforcement learning now drive channel modeling, turbulence mitigation, signal processing, and resource allocation in FSO systems for UAV-to-ground and satellite backhaul. The shift from analytical frameworks to data-driven methods reduces dependence on real-time channel state information.
Ibrahim Alshammari, Saad Al-Dakheel, Hasanain Jalil Neamah Alsaedi, et al.
UAV Relay Cuts Power Consumption by Reducing Array Size Under Location Uncertainty
arXiv
Researchers developed adaptive subarray sizing and power control for two-hop UAV relays that shrinks the antenna array as location uncertainty decreases, reducing transmit power by 3.17 dB compared to full-array operation. The method balances receive and forward gains while maintaining robustness to position estimation errors—enabling more efficient relay operations when user locations are progressively refined.
Machine learning cuts UAV relay placement planning time by 65 percent in dense urban terrain
arXiv
Cross-embodiment transfer learning from robot-arm motions accelerates UAV relay network design in high-clutter environments. The approach also improves bottleneck capacity by 32.6 percent and reduces hop-distance variance by over 75 percent, allowing planners to optimize multi-hop relay chains faster without sacrificing link performance.
A combined optimization approach merging genetic algorithms, Bayesian optimization, and deep reinforcement learning reduces the number of active UAVs needed to maintain mesh network coverage while adapting to node mobility in real time. The method improves energy efficiency in time-critical scenarios including disaster response and military operations.
Dual-UAV ISAC System Optimizes Secrecy Rate Under Physical Constraints
arXiv
Researchers solved the resource allocation problem for a two-UAV integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system where one UAV communicates while jamming against eavesdroppers detected via radar. The work optimizes user scheduling, power, time allocation, and trajectories under real constraints like velocity and energy limits, enabling secure spectrum-efficient operations for autonomous systems.
Hongjiang Lei, Jianshuo Geng, Ki-Hong Park, et al.
Algorithm routes data in fragmented UAV teams by information value
arXiv
DORA prioritizes relay of mission-critical observations across partially connected robot teams by measuring information divergence between teammates rather than discovery alone. For multi-robot networks operating under intermittent links, the algorithm quantifies which data each teammate most needs, enabling more efficient use of scarce bandwidth for heterogeneous sensor teams.
Jonathan Diller, Fernando Cladera, Camillo Jose Taylor, et al.
AI model decouples path loss and fading to map 5G coverage for aerial networks
arXiv
Researchers split radio environment mapping into two stages—using a Transformer to model large-scale path loss geometry and a GRU to predict localized fading—reducing reliance on sparse real-world data. The approach physically grounds 3D propagation in 1D prediction, improving coverage prediction for UAVs operating under line-of-sight conditions with multi-cell interference.
Gautham Reddy, Kürşat Tekbıyık, Bryton Petersen, et al.
LLM-Based Agents Coordinate Self-Organizing UAV Networks Without Preset Plans
arXiv
Researchers propose using agentic AI to enable UAV networks that autonomously form, sense their environment, and adapt connectivity in real-time—rather than relying on predefined missions and manual setup. The approach integrates perception, reasoning, and resource allocation across heterogeneous platforms for dynamic low-altitude operations.